SCC-4 Cells

SCC-4 is a human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line widely used in cancer research to explore mechanisms of oral cancer progression, apoptosis, and response to chemotherapeutic agents. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a common malignancy in the oral cavity and is often linked to lifestyle factors such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption. SCC-4 cells are characterized by their aggressive nature and are used to model tumor behavior and treatment resistance in vitro. Studies using SCC-4 have shown that several compounds, such as rhein, emodin, and berberine, induce apoptosis through both intrinsic (mitochondria-dependent) and extrinsic (death receptor-mediated) pathways. Rhein induces S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress, ROS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, triggering the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3. Similarly, emodin was shown to cause G2/M-phase arrest and induce apoptosis by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential and promoting cytochrome c release. Berberine also induces apoptosis in SCC-4 cells by enhancing ROS production, increasing intracellular Ca2+, and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby activating caspase-9 and caspase-3 pathways. These findings demonstrate that SCC-4 is an effective model for studying the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in response to potential anticancer agents, providing insight into therapeutic strategies targeting oral squamous cell carcinoma.