Anti-CREB (Ser133) Antibody

It is well known that the control of gene expression involves activation of protein kinase cascades that regulate transcription factors within the nucleus (Karin and Hunter, 1995). The cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is one of the best characterized stimulus-induced transcription factors (Montminy, 1997). This transcription factor is a component of intracellular signaling events that regulate a wide range of biological functions, from spermatogenesis to circadian rhythms and memory (Shaywitz and Greenberg, 1999; Silva et al., 1998). A variety of protein kinases including protein kinase A (PKA), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) phosphorylate CREB at serine 133 (Ser-133), and phosphorylation of Ser-133 are required for CREB-mediated transcription (Johannessen et al., 2004; Kornhauser et al., 2002).