SK-N-LO Cells

The SK-N-LO cell line is a human neuroblastoma cell line used in research to study neuroblastoma as well as mechanisms of apoptosis and cancer signaling pathways. It is also classified as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) cell line and carries the EWS-FLI1 fusion gene, commonly found in Ewing's sarcoma family tumors (ESFT). This fusion gene results from a chromosomal translocation and plays a key role in the oncogenic behavior of these tumor cells. SK-N-LO cells are particularly sensitive to certain inhibitors targeting oncogenic signaling pathways. For example, the GLI inhibitor GANT61 has been shown to induce caspase-independent apoptosis in SK-N-LO cells. GANT61 disrupts GLI1 and GLI2-mediated transcription in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which is critical for cell survival and proliferation in this cell line. When treated with GANT61, SK-N-LO cells exhibit morphological changes associated with apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. Furthermore, GANT61 reduces the expression of proteins like GLI2 and survivin, which are important for cell cycle progression and survival, while increasing the expression of p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Additionally, SK-N-LO cells have been utilized to study opioid receptor signaling. These cells have been engineered to express the μ-opioid receptor, making them a valuable model for investigating the interaction between opioid-induced analgesia and intracellular signaling pathways. For instance, studies have shown that morphine stimulates Akt phosphorylation in SK-N-LO cells via the PI3Kγ pathway, a process that can be modulated by cAMP signaling. This highlights the versatility of SK-N-LO cells in exploring both cancer biology and neuropharmacology.