DI TNC1 Cells

The DI TNC1 cell line is an immortalized astrocyte model derived from primary type-1 astrocytes taken from the diencephalon of a neonatal rat. The cells were immortalized using the polyomavirus middle T-antigen, granting them the ability to proliferate indefinitely while maintaining several characteristics of primary astrocytes. DI TNC1 cells are widely used in neuroinflammation and neuroprotection studies, particularly for exploring astrocytic energy metabolism, response to oxidative stress, and the regulation of inflammatory pathways. These cells express key astrocytic markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100β protein, and are involved in metabolic processes, including glycogen storage and energy provision to neurons. One of the hallmark features of DI TNC1 astrocytes is their involvement in energy metabolism studies. Research has demonstrated that these cells respond to various neurotransmitters, such as noradrenaline and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), by undergoing glycogenolysis and modulating cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Additionally, DI TNC1 cells have been shown to utilize glucose and produce lactate, which are crucial for supporting neuronal functions. However, certain responses seen in primary astrocytes, like glutamate-stimulated glycolysis or significant long-term glycogen resynthesis, are not as robust in DI TNC1 cells. This highlights the utility of DI TNC1 cells in dissecting specific aspects of astrocyte physiology that are relevant to energy dynamics in the central nervous system. Another significant area of study using DI TNC1 cells involves the investigation of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling pathways. For example, DI TNC1 cells have been used to analyze the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. Experiments with botanical polyphenols like quercetin and extracts from plants such as Ashwagandha have shown that these compounds can modulate the NF-κB and Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathways in DI TNC1 astrocytes. Specifically, quercetin has been found to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activity and enhance Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defenses, illustrating the potential of these cells for screening anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents.