DC2.4 Cells

The DC2.4 cell line is an immortalized mouse dendritic cell line that originates from bone marrow. It is commonly used to study dendritic cell (DC) biology, immune responses, and the development of immunotherapies. DC2.4 cells are characterized by their role as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and are known to express typical surface markers of dendritic cells, such as CD11c and MHC class I molecules. However, they exhibit an immature phenotype under standard culture conditions, with low expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules like CD40 and CD80. This makes them useful for investigating the mechanisms and stimuli required for DC maturation and their subsequent immune functions. Studies have shown that specific stimuli can induce maturation of DC2.4 cells. Notably, exposure to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) leads to significant upregulation of MHC class II, CD40, CD80, and CCR7, as well as increased cytokine secretion, including IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. IFN-γ-matured DC2.4 cells have been demonstrated to effectively activate CD8+ cytotoxic T cells both in vitro and in vivo, enhancing antitumor immunity. For instance, IFN-γ-treated, antigen-pulsed DC2.4 cells have been shown to induce robust CD8+ T cell responses and provide protective antitumor effects in mouse models. This highlights the cell line's utility in cancer immunotherapy research and vaccine development. Additionally, DC2.4 cells have been employed to study host-pathogen interactions, as their response to various immune challenges can mimic aspects of the innate immune system's activation. The analysis of exosomal miRNA profiles from DC2.4 cells, especially when infected with pathogens like Toxoplasma gondii, has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying dendritic cell signaling and immune communication. The differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in response to infection suggests potential roles in modulating host immunity and highlights the utility of DC2.4 in exosome and RNA-based immune research.