M1 Cells

M1 cells are a widely used murine macrophage cell line, originally derived from mouse bone marrow. They are particularly noted for their ability to differentiate into mature macrophages in response to various stimuli, such as the exposure to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or certain cytokines. This makes M1 cells an invaluable tool for studying macrophage biology, including the processes of macrophage activation, polarization, and the immune response. Their use is common in research focused on inflammatory responses, innate immunity, and the mechanisms underlying macrophage differentiation and function. M1 cells are often utilized in studies that investigate the role of macrophages in inflammation and their interactions with other immune cells. The M1 polarization, also known as classical activation, is typically induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) or bacterial products like lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These M1-polarized macrophages are characterized by their production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, and their ability to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Due to these properties, M1 cells serve as a model to explore the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and host defense against pathogens. Furthermore, M1 cells provide a useful model for exploring the differences between various macrophage phenotypes, such as M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages, contributing to a deeper understanding of the dynamic roles macrophages play in health and disease. Their ability to be manipulated in vitro offers researchers a controlled environment to study these complex processes, advancing the field of immunology and therapeutic development. When cultured on permeable supports, M1 cells develop a lumen-negative transepithelial potential difference, which is a hallmark of functional epithelial cells. This property, along with their ability to mimic CCD cell behavior, makes M1 cells an excellent model for research into renal physiology, particularly in understanding the cellular mechanisms that govern ion transport, fluid balance, and the overall function of the kidney's cortical collecting duct. Additionally, M1 cells are instrumental in studies exploring the role of macrophages in inflammation and their interactions with other immune cells, with a focus on the pro-inflammatory M1 polarization. Mouse cell lines, Kidney, cortical collecting duct, Growth Conditions: Adherent, Biosafety level: BSL 1