SK-N-SH Cells

The SK-N-SH cell line is a human neuroblastoma model originally established from the bone marrow aspirate of a child with metastatic neuroblastoma. It is widely used in cancer research, particularly for studying neuronal differentiation, neuroblastoma biology, and therapeutic interventions. The cell line is notable for its heterogeneity and its ability to differentiate into neuronal-like and non-neuronal phenotypes under appropriate conditions, which closely mimics the cellular diversity observed in neuroblastoma tumors. Chromosome analysis of SK-N-SH revealed a near-diploid karyotype with numerical and structural abnormalities. The line consistently displays trisomy of chromosome 7, along with translocations involving chromosomes 9 and 17. Specifically, a segment of chromosome 17 translocates to chromosome 22, resulting in partial trisomy of chromosome 17. Despite these alterations, SK-N-SH cells exhibit relatively stable karyotypic features compared to other neuroblastoma models, making them suitable for studying chromosomal aberrations in neuroblastoma. Functionally, SK-N-SH cells possess neuronal properties and express neuroblastoma markers, including neurotransmitter synthesis enzymes, which are indicative of their neural crest origin. Importantly, SK-N-SH cells can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells with morphological and biochemical changes. Agents such as retinoic acid are commonly used to trigger this differentiation, resulting in increased neurite outgrowth and expression of neuronal markers. This property makes SK-N-SH a valuable tool for examining neuronal differentiation pathways, neurotoxicity, and neuroblastoma therapeutic targets. SK-N-SH serves as a robust and versatile model for investigating neuroblastoma progression, neuronal differentiation, and therapeutic responses. Its karyotypic stability and ability to differentiate into neuronal phenotypes provide a platform for translational research into pediatric cancers and neuronal development.